• Can’t do math in their heads and write down even simple problems.
  • Have difficulty making change.
  • Build in real-life manipulatives to do basic math problems.
  • Provide learners with strategies to make change.
  • Practise with real money, writing down the problems and responses as they are completed.
  • Use a multi-sensory approach.
  • Show that math problems can be approached in many different ways, for example by adding or subtracting.
  • Try to teach as many ways as possible of solving a given type of problem, so that if they forget one way, they will have an alternative. For example, 3 x 4= 2 x 4 + 4.
  • A game-oriented approach to learning facts may be productive. For example, using number cards or dice, pick a sum (addition) or a product (multiplication) and see how many different cards or dice can be used to create that answer.
  • Confuse math symbols.
  • Misread numbers.
  • Don’t interpret graphs or tables accurately.
  • May make careless mistakes in written work.
  • Have trouble maintaining a cheque book.
  • Help learners become aware of this challenge.
  • Encourage review of work and double-checking of information.
  • Practise tracing numbers they reverse or misread.
  • Build in self-monitoring strategies.
  • Encourage the learners to circle the calculation symbols. In most cases, learners understand the concepts but make mistakes with their calculations.
  • Leave out steps in math problem solving and do them in the wrong order.
  • Cannot do long division except with a calculator.
  • Have trouble budgeting.
  • Teach problem-solving steps to use with each math problem: read and understand the problem; look for the key questions and recognize the important words; select the appropriate operation; write the equation and solve it.
  • Help learners chunk the information into smaller units.
  • Use mnemonics for long division to help remember the steps.
  • Model manipulation so that learners understand that math problems can be looked at in a number of ways.
  • Use real-life situations to understand the meaning.
  • Continually model that concrete materials can be moved, held and physically grouped and separated – this provides more vivid teaching tools than a pictorial diagram or grouping.
  • Don’t translate real-life problems into the appropriate mathematical processes.
  • Avoid employment situations that involve this set of skills.
  • Practise what operations are needed and have learners make up their own word problems from number statements. This helps learners to understand how the language is structured.
  • Highlight key words, numbers and/or calculations.
  • Alter instruction, i.e. give the answers and allow learners to explain how the answer was obtained.
  • Help learners with auditory disabilities visualize the word problem, i.e. if the problem mentions two cars at different prices, have them draw the cars with the prices.

Adapted from Fowler, J. A. (2003). Learning disabilities training: A new approach. London, Ontario: Literacy Link South Central. Used with permission.

Handout 10.11