Stereotyping creates flat characters. Specific generalized traits are attributed to a character or characters. These characteristics may be either negative or positive.

Understatement is to highlight important or extra ordinary events by treating them as unimportant, expected events. Writers use understatement as another way of highlighting an event. It also provides insights into the values and perceptions of the characters.

Humour can be created using different techniques. It is to entertain the reader. It is also a way for the writer to develop the tone or mood of the story. Satire is a form of humour which mocks or criticizes people. Writers may use jokes, irony, dialogue, satire, or hyperbole to create humour.

Satire is a form of writing which mocks or makes fun of a person, group, or other target. The writer seems to say one thing, but the writer makes it clear the opposite message is intended.

Dialogue is conversation. It takes the form of direct quotes. Each time a new speaker talks a new paragraph is started. Dialogue is used to reveal details about a character’s personality. Writers also use dialogue to fill in blanks in information in the plot.

When you discover that a writer uses one or more of these devices, try to determine why the writer used them and decide if they were used effectively.