The History that is Chosen for us.
The History we Choose

As we have seen, the written history of the Mi'kmaq people of Newfoundland has been gathered from the accounts of Europeans. They all had their own biases, likes, dislikes, and reasons for what they wrote. The Mi'kmaq people didn't use writing. There are no documents written by them to compare with European accounts. Unless Mi'kmaq people want to use the words written about them by Europeans and other non-native people, their oral history is all they really have.

Chief Michael Joe says it is easy to believe the official history of the Mi'kmaq people. If Mi'kmaq people have no rights to land claims then Newfoundlanders won't have to give up any of their land or resources. Michael Joe knows the written word is a powerful thing. "We won't have a history of our own until a Newfoundland Mi'kmaq writes that history," he says.

Non-native Newfoundlanders should understand those feelings. They have had to suffer under someone else's version of their past and present.

The world-wide protest against the Newfoundland white coat seal hunt in the 1970s and 1980s is a good example. Newfoundlanders were written about by people from other cultures and countries. Paragraphs like this one by Brian Davies from the International Fund for Animal Welfare were hard to fight:

...I stood on the blood-drenched ice watching the relentless killing going on around me. Frightened adult seals were driven by club-swinging hunters to nearby open water. [The seals] watched with desperately anxious eyes the methodical slaughter of their infants. Then, after the hunters had moved on, there was left the saddest sight of all: the mother seals hauled out onto the ice to keep cold vigil by the shattered remains of her only pup.8

The world was horrified. Britain protested seal products. The market for whitecoat seal pelts collapsed. The seal hunt shut down.

The closure of the cod fishery in 1992 has led to a whole series of stories telling Newfoundlanders to move off the island. A Globe and Mail writer even claimed it would be "immoral" for Newfoundlanders with children to stay in the outports. In an article published on February 19, 1994, editor William Thorsell said the federal government should take action. Newfoundlanders should be encouraged to move, not to stay.


8 1973 International Fund for Animal Welfare newsletter.