Guide to Symbols:

• The symbol is used to denote the sound in "apple" and "cat."
• The symbols is used to denote the sound in "ate" and "and."
• The symbol is used to denote the sound in "echo" and "red."
• The symbol is used to denote the sound in "eat."
• is the sound in "umbrella."
• The symbol /aw/ is used to denote the sound is words like "saw and sauce."

C: Word Patterns (or word families)

• Introduce word patterns and discuss how they can be helpful for teaching vowel sounds.
• Give some background information regarding the exercise.
  • Let the trainees know that the learner is a beginning learner.
  • This learner has just written a language experience story with the word "cat" in it.
  • "Cat" was one of the words the learner opted to learn by sight.
  • Rather than teach this learner about the short a ( ) sound, the tutor has opted to use this approach.