The purpose of using language -
reading, writing, speaking and listening
- is real and natural
|
The reasons given or situations
created for using language are
artificial
|
| The focus is on communication |
The focus is on the form, not on the
function (communication)
|
| Talk is about interesting topics |
Talk is dull and uninteresting |
| Mistakes are part of learning |
Mistakes are bad, and it's more
important to get it right than to get a
message communicated
|
| Language is also used - or studied -
within a context (not as isolated letters,
words, or sentences)
|
Language is studied out of context |
| Language activities have a purpose for
the learner
|
The particular use of the language
studied or activity used is irrelevant
for the learner
|
| Enough time is provided |
Learners are pressured to complete work |
| The first language is valued. |
The first language is not valued. |