Idioms and Advanced ESL Learners

Advanced ESL learners will often have different requests than beginning or intermediate learners. They may want specific types of cultural or workplace information, or may even be interested in preparing for specific exams such as TOEFL (an examination used to determine eligibility to some postsecondary institutions).

While it would be impossible to provide information regarding all the needs your advanced learners may have, included below is a brief overview of an area that will likely be problematic. Idiomatic expressions often pose difficulty for advanced learners; native speakers often use them without even recognizing how these expressions function or the literal meaning that ESL learners may be deriving from their use.

Idioms

Idioms are commonly used expressions that have no literal meaning. For example, "You're pulling my leg" does not necessarily mean that someone is on the floor, gentling tugging at your pant leg. Rather, it indicates that an attempt has been made to fool or deceive someone.

Advanced ESL learners will find idioms such as this particularly difficult to understand. Many of the methods that these learners have used to gain meaning (through the analysis of grammar or word parts) will not be useful when applied to idiomatic expressions.

Idioms need to be learned as whole expressions; knowledge of the individual words will not help the learner understand the intended meaning of an idiomatic expression. Naturally, this can be time consuming. The learner will need to learn each idiom individually and, whenever possible, in context so she can better understand the definition you give.

It is important to note that learning the meaning of an idiomatic expression does not necessarily mean that the learner will be able to use it. A minilesson on idioms should include both controlled practice (fill in the blank, choose the best idiom) as well as free practice where the learner can use the new expressions in a conversation. Free practice is particularly important when learning idioms because idiomatic expressions are situational. For example, it may be appropriate for you to tell a friend that she is "dressed to kill" when you are out on a Saturday night but to use this phrase with an employer could result in a few blank stares. Other idiomatic expressions may be useful in both causal conversation and the workplace,particularly those connected to sport such as:

  • to go to bat (for someone)
  • to level the playing field
  • to hit a home run