1. 5. Involvement of employer and labour as key partners;

    Provincial departments of education and school boards have not readily involved employers and labour in the process of education. Yet, when employers are asked to be involved in work experience or other transitional programs, schools report that it is challenging to elicit their participation. The research shows that there is a significant disconnect between education and the labour market. Partnerships between education, labour and business are required to improve transitions. Without them, students will be at a deficit in developing an understanding of the labour market and the knowledge and skills required to realize their career aspirations.

    A number of programs in the inventory demonstrate the benefits of employer and labour involvement. One significant program underway in Ontario, Education/Sector Council Partnership Project involves employer representatives from 18 sector councils in 15 programs in 12 schools in the Toronto District School Board.

    6. Governments at all levels who provide commitment and leadership;

    School-to-work transitions will remain ad hoc and passive without the commitment and leadership of all levels of government. “In Canada major regional differences and wide ethnic and cultural diversity have made coherent framework development and institution building difficult” (OECD, 2000). This is perhaps the greatest challenge for creating a successful school-to-work framework in Canada.

    7. Financial viability and sustainability;

    Many excellent school-to-work initiatives no longer exist because of fluctuations in funding and policy directions at all levels of government. A disruption in the availability of programs contributes to the confusion and unreliability of measures aimed at improving school-to-work transitions. Programs most vulnerable tend to be those for youth at greatest-risk and/or need (Bell and Bezanson, 2006). Financial commitment is needed both at the government level and from the private sector to create sustainability for programs which demonstrate their positive impact.

    8. Career development (counselling, information, education) integrated into the curriculum and made visible to support better student access;


    Research on the impacts of career development services for youth strongly indicates that career development programs, counselling, education and information support youth pathways to the labour market. As Bell and Bezanson state “career development services can broaden world views, increase knowledge of work and occupation options, help to build important workplace and decision making skills and support transition planning” (2006). There are a number of programs in the inventory that build career development into the curriculum. A number of provinces have mandatory career development courses. The Career Internship Program at Windsor Park Collegiate is an award winning example in the inventory that supports students with developing their careers from grades 9 to 12 and prepares them for life after high school. Ninety-eight percent of students in a 2001 graduate survey said they were focussed on a career path as a result of taking the program.