| 15. |
E.W. Bradwin, "Adult Education for
Men of the Frontier" in J.R. Kidd (ed.) Learning and Society
(Toronto, Canadian Association for Adult Education, 1963), p. 69.
|
| 16. |
For example, see Canadian Reading Camp
Association, Third Annual Report (Toronto, 1902-03).
|
| 17. |
Ibid., Third Annual
Report, and a quote from H.H. Honre in 12th Annual Report,
op.cit.
|
| 18. |
Canadian Reading Camp Association,
5th Annual Report (Toronto, 1904-05).
|
| 19. |
Ibid.
|
| 20. |
Ibid.
|
| 21. |
See Herman Schwendinger and Julia R.
Schwendinger, The Sociologists of the Chair (New York: Basis Books,
1974), chap 18; See also Gregory Baum, Catholics and Canadian Socialism
(Toronto: James Lorimer &Company, 1980), p. 47-53. Fitzpatrick frequently
included in the Annual Reports of the Reading Camp Association quotations from
the writings of prominent figures in the American Progressive movement,
including educationists like Dewey and social thinkers like Ross. Trained as a
Presbyterian minister at Queen's University in Ontario, Fitzpatrick reflected
the thinking of the mainstream "progressive" wing of the social
gospel movement of the time. (The "progressives" were in the
majority, with "conservative" and "radical" wings in the
minority.) The progressive current was very influential in th Presbyterian
Church. In Baum's words, progressives in the social gospel movement
"understood sin largely in social terms and hence saw the appropriate
Christian response to sin mainly as active commitment to reform projects and
progressive politics," (Baum, p. 48)
|
| 22. |
Progressives in the social gospel
movement rejected the socialist orientation of the radical wing, who argued
that the total reconstruction of society was necessary to expunge the sin in
it. The commitment of the progressives was to reforms within the countries of
the existing political and economic system. See Baum, ibid., p. 48-49.
|
| 23. |
Canadian Reading Camp Association,
4th Annual Report (Toronto, 1903,04).
|
| 24. |
Third Annual Report,
op.cit.
|
| 25. |
Frontier College, 21st Annual
Report, Toronto, 1921.
|
| 26. |
Ibid. |