In Parents’ Magazine, two prominent educators sought to reassure parents
about reading methods used in schools. They acknowledged that parents tended
to feel ashamed if their “Johnny can’t read by the time he is seven
and so blame the school for what they consider Johnny’s failure”
(Beaumont & Franklin, 1955, p. 42). They commented on the ever-increasing
and damaging competition among parents concerning their children’s reading
abilities, reminding parents that the ability to read was complex and that modern
teaching methods did indeed work. They did not provide advice about what parents
should do at home to support reading — this was cast as the role of a
good teacher. But the article closed with a hint that the “reading crisis”
may have been about concerns over immigration and cultural diversity in schools,
as well as the fall out from the USSR's launch of Sputnik. “Cultured homes,”
in this context, may be read as a code for the discourses of difference that
privileged the literacy habitus associated with Anglo-Saxon middle classes.
In spite of doubts over simplistic “cure-all” approaches to addressing
children’s reading difficulties, in the years following Why Johnny Can’t
Read many books and pamphlets appeared in the educational market to tap into
parents’ concern for their children’s reading abilities. This rise
in literacy advice paralleled a more general increase in child-raising advice
provided in books, magazines and pamphlets in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Bruno Bettelheim, in his best-selling Dialogue with Mothers (1962), attributed
this to “a growing market of concerned parents and even more concerned
scientists and professionals, for the production of
(Bettelheim, 1962, p. 2). “well adjusted”
children”
Concerned parents of primary school children who were not yet able to read
were still warned against trying to teach their child at home, though as one
mother claimed, “heaven knows I’ve been tempted many times”
(Christopher, 1957, p. 32). The most common advice still admonished parents
thought to be competitive, and assured them that their normal middle-class home
life would provide their child with everything needed to learn to read. Paradoxically,
parental concern for their children’s reading was considered normal and
appropriate. This concern indeed presented itself as an opportunity to market
new advice books, and by extension, to circulate discourses of intensive mothering
and domestic pedagogy. Laycock (1958) in recommending Nancy Larrick’s
A Parents’ Guide to Children’s Reading, observed: