Doman’s work exemplified a version of domestic pedagogy that accentuated
direct, rather than implicit forms of literacy teaching in the home. Like Bowlby
(1951), Doman contributed to a long established trend in neuroscience and human
development research of extrapolating findings from studies based on extreme
or atypical cases of developmental delay or deprivation to the general population.
He argued that if the “abnormal”
children he worked with could learn
to read, than “normal”
children of even younger ages, such as babies
and toddlers, could and should learn to read with ease. His views were controversial
not because he argued that mothers were their children’s “natural”
teachers, but because many scholars believed the teaching methods he advocated
were not developmentally appropriate for young children. But like Flesch’s
work (1955) (which Doman thought ridiculous), Doman (1964) also explicitly named
the stereotypes linking “good mothering”
and children’s reading.
The popularity of his views, which continue to circulate on Internet chat rooms
into the 2000s, may be attributed to his critique of psychology, and the gender
biases within education institutions that rendered them suspicious of the contributions
the average mother could make to her children’s reading. Doman argued
that this “professional paternalism”
has
[C]ome close to blunting mothers’ instinctive reactions to their growing children, convincing them that they are being betrayed by their maternal instincts. If this trend continues, we run the serious risk of persuading mothers to view their offspring not as children at all but instead as little bundles of egotistical urges and dark, rather nasty packages of strange and frightening symbolisms that an untrained mother couldn’t possibly understand. Nonsense. In our experience mothers make the very best mothers that there are. (Doman, 1964, p. 96)
Doman articulated children’s reading as a flashpoint for the intersection
of social class, mothering practices, and schooling. He reassured mothers that
their social class background had nothing to do with their children’s
ability to read, but also named “non-readers”
as the biggest
problem in education, a problem that mothers needed to address:
What a blessing [teaching children to read at home] would be for the privileged mother, for the fortunate child, for the terribly overworked teacher (who could then spend her time transmitting to her pupils the store of knowledge man has accumulated). And what a blessing it would be for the under-financed, underhoused, under-staffed school systems. Look around and see who are the real problems in school. Look at the top ten children in each class and see what common factor is the most prominent in the group. That’s easy — they are the best readers. The non-reading children are the greatest problem in education. (Doman, 1964, p. 107)