Table 6: Discourses and Themes in Literacy Advice to Mothers, 1988–2003
Domestic literacy roles for mothers Intensive mothering Domestic pedagogy The normal family
Perfect literacies: mothers as literacy models and teachers Supporting children’s literacy is a constant and everyday occupation. Mothers require parenting education to practice intensive mothering as a pre-condition for children’s early literacy development. Domestic sphere is a refuge from a demanding world. Literacy and brains develop in a calm, stress-free home where literacy and learning activities are prioritized and teachers and schools are closely monitored. Literacy advice assumes mothers stay at home with their young children and have a partner to share housework to make more time for family literacy.
“Read while you breastfeed”: Mothering as embodied literacy practice Attachment parenting and literacy are connected in the embodied practices of storybook reading, and modeling literacy to children. Every moment is a moment to promote, model, and perform literacy activities, including breastfeeding, lap storybook reading, and “tickle rhymes.”. The nuclear family is the ideal environment for practicing domestic literacy. Families that vary from this norm are considered “at risk” of literacy failure
Work your way out of poverty: domestic literacy as family power Mothers raising children alone and on low incomes need to work hard to raise their parenting skills to the standards of intensive mothering. This included improving their literacy skills. Powerful literacies in the home emulate those of schooling regardless of differently situated families. For middle-class families, the stay-at-home mother provides the ideal domestic literacy environment. For single, low-income mothers, getting off welfare by doing paid work is the ideal way to support their children’s literacy.
Mothering the early brain: literacy as nurturing baby care Supporting children’s literacy begins before birth and is dependent upon attachment mothering practices. Every parent-child interaction is a learning experience with profound consequences for future success in life, including literacy knowledge. The ideals of the normal family and attachment mothering “builds” brains and thus literacy skills.