Child (1831) was a compassionate social reformer and active and vocal abolitionist.
Her advice, like many of her contemporaries, came from the belief that the ideals
of domesticity, embodied in the habitus of the upper-classes, could promote
a more peaceful and just world. Yet from a multi-vocal perspective, Child’s
advice suggested that the ideal of “constant”
teaching may have
indeed proved more annoying than natural:
I am aware that these habits of inquiry are at times very troublesome; for no one, however patient, can be always ready to answer the multitude of questions a child is disposed to ask. But it must be remembered that all good things are accompanied by inconveniences. The care of children requires a great many sacrifices, and a great deal of self-denial; but the woman who is not willing to sacrifice a good deal in such a cause, does not deserve to be a mother. (p. 15–16)
While literacy roles for mothers seemed indeed conflicted and wrapped up in
concerns for children’s moral and religious upbringing, it is important
to recognize that the rather intensive forms of mothering prescribed in texts
were directed to upper class women who hired nurses to attend to the everyday
care of children and the running of the household. Indeed, opportunities to
impart instruction appeared when mothers visited their children’s nurseries,
“or when their little ones are permitted to visit them”
(Mothers’
Magazine, 1862, p. 124). For these mothers, advice for managing their children’s
literacy involved, in large measure, monitoring and regulating the women who
performed mothering and literacy work in their children’s nurseries. In
the pattern of anonymous women advisors who drew on their own experiences to
offer advice for the benefit of others, one author wrote in 1838 “The
Nursery Maid: Her Duties and How to Perform Them,”
for the benefit of
girls from poor families and those who trained them in upper-class standards
for caring for young children. These girls were advised to allow the children’s
mother to choose which books she should read to the children, and perhaps as
an acknowledgement that a nursery maid may not be able to read, suggested they
“repeat the stories”
in the books provided. Yet, reading to children
seemed a minor part of the work of a nursery maid and was mentioned in but a
few lines of the book. By contrast, in the Nursery Governess, (1845) literacy
advice to would-be governesses was provided in a story in which “Mary
Manners”
is assisted by her mentor in preparing her belongings to take
her new employment. The mentor helps Mary to carefully choose suitable books,
counseling her that teaching is much like the work of a mother hen and accomplished
through books that were the “food of the mind”
: