• Varying reinforcement styles: there should be less focus on right or wrong answers and more focus on positive recognition of completing the steps, regardless of the outcome. Encourage learners to self-chart their progress. Have them keep track of how many and which facts are mastered and how many more there are to go. Include monitoring student progress on a frequent basis, teaching math skills to mastery and teaching generalization.36

Integrated in the instructions techniques are the use of both direct instruction and a collaborative approach. The rule when using these two approaches is to engage learners in collaborative approach, only after they have received direct instruction in the mathematics and the objectives for the group activity.

"Therefore, "lesson instruction" consists first of direct instruction, and then the cooperative learning activity. Cooperative learning can be used as the "guided practice" time when students engage in tasks to practice introduced skills."37

Examples of math collaborative learning activities

Numbered Heads collaborative approach: After each team member numbers off, students discuss the answer to a question. Then, in a large group, the teacher calls a specific number and group to answer the questions.
Math example: Discuss the answer to a mental computation problem. Apply the definition of a rule previously introduced to problems; explain the application of the rule.

Round the Table collaborative approach: Students work on problems jointly by passing the problems around the table for each member's response.
Math example: Pass a worksheet with multiplication facts for each member to answer a problem. Pass problems for each member to compute the next step of an algorithm.38