Global vs. "Peaks and Valleys"

The most significant difference between learning disabilities and intellectual disabilities is that intellectual disabilities are more global in nature. Individuals with intellectual disabilities seem to be impacted across the board, in many areas of their lives and when they undergo psycho-educational testing, their test results show that their ability is almost the same in all areas. This is different from individuals with learning disabilities who seem to show peaks and valleys in their profiles. For example, individuals with learning disabilities may really struggle with spelling and reading skills, but have an aptitude for math.

The Learning Disability Association of Ontario believes that "it is very important to differentiate specific learning disabilities from more global intellectual or developmental disabilities. The primary purpose of such differentiation is to ensure that individuals are provided with services, supports, and accommodations that are appropriate for them and that meet their specific needs. Mild to moderate intellectual disabilities is sometimes designated "general learning disabilities" within the education system, which results in confusion and the delivery of inappropriate special education services."¹⁰ This is why we probably see so many individuals in literacy programs who have not been effectively accommodated in the education system.

Some great information about intellectual disabilities can be found at the following websites:

Canadian Association for Community Living http://www.cacl.ca

Community Living Ontario http://www.communitylivingontario.ca/

The Roeher Institute http://www.roeher.ca/default.htm