Everyday life. The numeracy tasks that occur in everyday situations are often
management tasks that one faces in personal and family life. Others revolve around
hobbies, personal development, and interests. Representative tasks are handling money
and budgets, comparison shopping, personal time management, making decisions
involving travel, planning holidays, mathematics involved in hobbies like quilting or
wood-working, playing games of chance, understanding sports scoring and statistics,
reading maps, and using measurements in home situations such as cooking or home
repairs.
Work-related. At work, one is confronted with quantitative situations that often
are more specialized than those seen in everyday life. In this context, people may develop
good skills in managing situations that might be narrower in their application of
mathematical themes. Representative tasks are completing purchase orders, totaling
receipts, calculating change, managing schedules, budgets, and project resources, using
spreadsheets, organizing and packing different shaped goods, completing and interpreting
control charts, making and recording measurements, reading blueprints, tracking
expenditures, predicting costs, and applying formulas.
Societal or community. Adults need to know about trends and processes
happening in the world around them (e.g., regarding crime, health issues, wages,
pollution) and may have to take part in social events or community action. This requires
that adults can read and interpret quantitative information presented in the media,
including statistical messages and graphs. Also, they may have to manage situations like
organizing a fund-raiser, realizing the fiscal effect of community programs, or interpreting
the results of a study of the latest health fad.
Further learning. It is often also important to have numeracy skills that enable a
person to participate in further study, whether for academic purposes or as part of
vocational training. In either case, it is important to be able to know some of the more
formal aspects of mathematics that involve symbols, rules, and formulas and to
understand some of the conventions used to apply mathematical rules and principles.
3.2 Facet 2: Responses
In different types of real-life situations, people may have to respond in one or more of
the following ways (the first virtually always occurs; others will depend on the interaction
between situational demands and the goals, skills, dispositions, and prior learning of
the person):
Identify or locate some mathematical information present in the task or situation
confronting them that is relevant to their purpose or goal.
Act upon or react to the information in the situation. Bishop (1988), for example,
proposed that there are six modes of mathematical actions that are common in all cultures:
counting, locating, measuring, designing, playing and explaining. Other types of actions
or reactions may occur, such as doing some calculations ("in the head" or with a calculator),
ordering or sorting, estimating or modeling (such as by using or developing a formula).
Interpret the information embedded within the situation (and the results of any
prior action) and comprehend what it means or implies. This can include making a
judgment about how mathematical information or known facts actually apply to the
situation or context. Contextual judgment may have to be used in deciding whether an
answer makes sense or not in the given context, for example, that a result of "2.35 cars"
is not a valid solution to how many cars are needed to transport a group. It can also
incorporate a critical aspect, where a person questions the purpose of the task, the
validity of the data or information presented, and the meaning and implications of the
results, both for them as an individual and possibly for the wider community.
|