Foreword

This framework is based on the preliminary work of a European research network that worked on the development of new assessment tools for problem solving. Network partners were the Luxembourg Ministry for Education, the Center for School Development (Graz), the Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development (Berlin), the University of Groningen and the University of Heidelberg. Subsequent item development and accompanying work was carried out by a further network partner, the Institut für Bildungsforschung e.V. in Bonn (Germany).

Many colleagues contributed to this framework in different ways. The authors would like to express their gratitude to them all. Special thanks go to Judith Ebach and Joachim Funke for their valuable and substantial help towards improving this framework, and to Jules Peschar, Marieke van de Wal and Sietske Waslander for their early conceptual work.