Resources for writing and artwork.

Adults may play a role in helping children with their writing through their cultural practices. They may not only provide materials, but also encourage and value children's writing. Yaden et al (1999) suggest looking at how the power relationships at home and school impact on children and their writing. Many of these homes seemed to have a scarcity of materials to support children's literacy development, as these were not visible. Sometimes, it was difficult to find even a pencil or pen in view and children did not have scrap paper available on which to doodle or draw. One parent when asked about pencils said, "Pencils…I don't know where they went…I think they're probably in their [the children's] room now, but…they kinda disappeared."

The families purchase packages of construction paper and loose leaf on which to write and draw, but these are often kept out of reach of the children so as Beth says, "they wouldn't waste it all scribbling." Andrea reports how she dealt with her lack of scrap paper by letting her children doodle on her envelopes, "They love drawing pictures. What they do is use up all my envelopes."

While these families describe having an abundance of crayons and markers, along with pencils and pens, it was not evident and they are often not easily accessible to the children. Jill states that for safety reasons she keeps these items in a container away from the baby. Some of the parents express fears about the children writing on the walls so they keep them out of reach for a purpose. Lynne states, "I don't trust her to keep upstairs markers and crayons. [I keep them] underneath my TV…" Jill also explains that she does not allow her son to have markers, "because he takes them and writes all over the walls, and floors. He's done that more than once." Andrea emphasizes that when she finds crayons lying around, she gets "mad at them [her children]. I have to buy crayons every two months. Yes, because I am trying to teach them to pick up after themselves. And if they don't do it…in the garbage." Jane mentions "since school started, [her daughter] went through two boxes of 96 crayons…where I don't know where…Well there's some here somewhere…probably in her messy room." In Beth's house, "Right now they don't have any [crayons] because they lost them all. Well they let the kids come in…especially the ones across the road. They come over and destroy them on them…But I'm gonna go and get them some."