Table 11: continued

Influence Area Problems and Barriers
Culture of Power Enacting Power Issues in the Classroom - view life from middle class perspective
- unaware of circumstances of students' lives
- perpetuate power differential by relegating those with less cultural capital to a lower position
Learning the Code for the Culture of Power - unwritten code has expectations for parents
- parents unable to commit to be a school volunteer
- reasons why parents do not show for planned activities not explored
- teachers act as gate-keepers
Defining the Rules of the Culture of Power - rules of the culture reflect those who are in power
- lack of parental involvement labeled as laziness
- parents appear oblivious to school schedules
- parents seem unaware of time and are often late
Acquiring Power - arbitrary rules need to be taught explicitly
- need to teach in meaningful contexts
Recognizing the Power - failure to recognize the power relations
- negative sterotypes may be internalized
- existence of barriers to participate