CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

What comes from a book is knowledge.
What comes from the heart is wisdom.

- Garth Brooks

Introduction

The purpose of this chapter is to provide background information and justification for the research undertaken. The literature review critically analyzes a segment of the published body of knowledge, organized around the subject of literacy-related practices in low-income homes. In this chapter, I summarize prior research studies and theoretical articles in the literature to explain and define the problem. The aim is also to discover gaps in the literature and areas that need further research, as well as to provide the theoretical underpinnings of this thesis, offer a conceptual context and propose a framework for family literacy.

Background

As discussed in Chapter 1, western society places a high value on the attainment of literacy and a primary focus of traditional education has been to establish literacy skills in children. It is generally agreed that achieving a high level of literacy is a worthy goal, but there is no consensus about how to achieve this outcome. One of the obvious problems, as pointed out by Graff (1987) and more recently by Fagan (1998) and Casmier-Paz (2000) is the ambiguity in the definition of literacy and what it means to be literate (Ellsworth, 1989).