Passage 15

Adequate protection from the elements and environmental conditions must be provided by means of proper storage facilities, preservation, packaging, packing or a combination of any or all of these measures. To adequately protect most items from the damaging effects of water or water-vapors, adequate preservation must be provided. This is often true even though the item is to be stored in a warehouse provided with mechanical means of controlling the temperature and humidity. Several methods by which humidity is controlled are in use by the military services. Use is also made of mechanically ventilating and dehumidifying selected sections of existing warehouses. Appropriate consideration will be given to the preparation and care of items stored under specific types of storage such as controlled humidity, refrigerated, and heated. The amount and levels of preservation, packaging, and packing will be governed by the specific method of storage plus the anticipated length of storage.

Scaled RGL = 11.4. FORCAST = 12.1. Flesch = 13-16. Dale-Chall = 13-15.

The Army's Automated Readability Index (ARI) For the U.S. Army, Smith and Senter (1967) created the Automated Readability Index, which used an electric typewriter modified with three micro switches attached to cumulative counters for words and sentences.

The ARI formula produces reading grade levels (GL):

GL = 0.50 (words per sentence) + 4.71 (strokes per word) - 21.43.

Smith and Kincaid (1970) successfully validated the ARI on technical materials in both manual and computer modes.

The Navy Readability Indexes (NRI) Kincaid, Fishburne, Rogers, and Chissom (1975, Fishburne 1976) followed a trend by recalculating new versions of older formulas and testing them for use on Navy materials. The first part of the experiment aimed at the recalculation of readability formulas. The second part of the study aimed at validating the effectiveness of the recalculated formulas on Navy materials as measured by:

• Comprehension scores on Navy training manuals
• Learning time, considered being an important measurement of readability.

The first part of the study first determined the reading levels of 531 Navy personnel using the comprehension section of the Gates-MacGinitie reading test. At the same time, they tested their comprehension of 18 passages taken from Navy training manuals. The results of those tests were used in calculating the grade levels of the passages. They then used those passages to recalculate the ARI, Flesch, and Fog Count formulas for Navy use, now called the Navy Readability Indexes (NRIs). The recalculated grade-level (GL) formulas are:

ARI simplified:

Fog Count new: