The individual's performance is mapped against a set of predefined, specified skills within a competencies matrix. Criterion-referenced tests can also be classified as competency-based assessments because the student's performance is measured against a standard or curricular content. Criterion-referenced assessment is linked to instructional objectives, and individual items are designed to assess mastery of specific objectives.
It should be noted that authentic assessment and competency-based assessment are similar in terms of the nature of some of the tasks. The significant difference between the two types of assessment is that the competency-based assessment evaluates the student's performance against a set of predefined skills or outcomes. A further difference is that authentic assessments are typically developed by instructors, whereas most of the competency-based assessment tools, such as the Tests of Workplace Essential Skills (TOWES) and Common Assessment of Basic Skills (CABS), are commercial products.
CABS is ranked as the most frequently used competency-based assessment. CABS is designed to align the individual's skills against Ontario's five level Learning Outcomes Matrix.3 This information can be used for placement into appropriate classes and for the choice of appropriate materials. CABS can be administered only to an individual, never to a group.
The 380-page CABS manual outlines a four-step process for the initial contact, interview, assessment, and follow-up of students. The manual provides an interview guide, forms, and sample demonstrations. The interview guide and assessment are also available online.
CABS uses demonstrations to show competencies in communications (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) and numeracy at the five ability levels established in the matrix. Demonstrations are activities linked to learning outcomes that resemble real-life tasks that are related to the learner's goals.
3 The five levels are being articulated to the levels established in other provinces and territories.