Slide 55

Project – Based Approach (Linkage Model)

• Makes integration of ES unavoidable (idea: team a technical expert with an ES trainer)
• Deliverables and interventions are adjusted to suit learner skill levels (same project can work at different skill levels because ES has several complexity levels)
• An approach where learners produce an integrated deliverable (a product).
• Product can be based on an instructor-created scenario or on a real need.
• 1 integrated project can be the focus of the course (e.g. writing a business plan in a business course).
• OR a course can involve a number of projects (e.g. Traditional Crafts program).

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Slide 56

Integrated Linkage Model projects could include:

• Development of objectives by the learners
• Design brief (product and user group or audience)
• Specifications list (product or service details)
• Workplan or Production Plan (table, list, or flowchart)
• Research (market and product)
• Product design and planning
• Technical skills development
• Product development
• SWOT analysis of product or idea
• Development of assessment criteria (by learners)
• Quality assessment (self-assessment) and reflection
• Sharing and promotion of product

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Slide 57

Time to Take a Run At It...

Integrated Projects Application

Applications

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Slide 58

Reflection Activity:

• Decide upon some integrated projects you could introduce into your training programs.
• Use the form provided.

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Slide 59

Problem Solving

It is not good enough to teach literacy and numeracy. Developing problem solvers and critical thinkers must be the goal of all ES training. Some problem solving ideas:

• means-ends analysis (specific to general and abstract)
• generate and test (trial and error)
• look for a pattern
• depict the problem in a visual way (draw a diagram, make a model, make a sketch)
• develop a flowchart
• randomize process steps or deliberately leave gaps
• depict the problem in writing
• account for all possibilities (mapping strategies)

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Slide 60

• work backwards
• reason by analogy (similar situations)
• IDEAL (identify the problem, define and represent the problem, explore possible solution strategies, act on the strategies, look back and evaluate)
• scenarios depicting authentic problems
• assuming a role (hunter technique)
• take a different view or perspective
• silent demonstrations and modeling
• research and interviews (asking the right questions)
• brain storming (ends-means analysis)
• create a model
• simulations
• analogies

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