The expense of such a program would be considerable. However, we are of the opinion that, if at least 2% of the workforce at any given time were to be on Paid Skills Development Leave, a sizeable number of workers would, by necessity, be added to payrolls across the country, thereby decreasing unemployment. And it is not as if the unemployed I do not cost the state money as it is: last year, the cost of Unemployment Insurance Benefits were 8.6-billion dollars. 30 Creative use of such monies is what is required right now. Professor Louis Emmerij, Rector of the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague, says that:

Social security money [is] more and more used to alleviate or to hide structural unemployment problems . . . and it would be more honest to recognize this fact and to separate out those funds.

He suggests that some people will favour using such funds to create more jobs, and this, he agrees, is a first priority. However, he adds:

What are we to do when maximal effort in that respect is not sufficient to supply all those who present themselves on the labor market with productive work. "Productive work" is indeed the key phrase... Is it not much better and also more productive to use the "structural money," not only to give people the opportunity to return to the educational system, but also time to do other things, including voluntary activities in the public sector for example? The educational part of creative leave would make people more productive, more flexible, and in general more inclined to follow and anticipate changes in their work environment. 31

The Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Educational Leave and Productivity, 1979, in its investigation of educational leave in Europe, found that the expense of an educational leave program does not pose a particular hardship to industry:

The right to educational leave has not caused major disruptions to company operations nor has the cost created onerous and unacceptable burdens on industry. Educational leave policy has been most successful in expanding vocational training thereby improving the vocational competence of the labour force and in providing opportunities to workers' representatives so that they might acquire the knowledge necessary to perform their duties in an informed and responsible manner. It has been least successful to date in overcoming educational inequalities. 32

We believe that, in the Recommendations proposed throughout this Brief, the issue of inequities has been addressed in a manner that will provide guidelines for the development of just policies for Paid Skills Development Leave and also the criteria for its successful implementation.



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