|
Table 17
Adjusted lifetime earnings by sex and education
(Canada, 1967).
(for full-time and part-time workers; and excluding those
not in
the labour force)
|
|
|
Women's earnings |
| Education level |
____Men
___ |
__Women__ |
_as % of men's
__ |
| |
|
|
|
| No education |
$106,664 |
$ 36,469 |
34% |
| |
|
|
|
| Some elementary |
122,348 |
45,092 |
37 |
| |
|
|
|
| Elementary (complete) |
157,597 |
52,450 |
33 |
| |
|
|
|
| Some high school |
173,464 |
66,873 |
39 |
| |
|
|
|
| High school (complete) |
212,545 |
96,759 |
46 |
| |
|
|
|
| Some university |
234,524 |
120,357 |
51 |
| |
|
|
|
| University (completed 1 or |
351,635 |
169,327 |
48 |
| more degrees) |
|
|
|
| Source: |
R. A. Holmes and Statistics Canada, Current Economic
Analysis Division Economic returns to education in Canada. Catalogue
13-556. -- (Ottawa: Information Canada, 1974). Table 10. |
Comment:
These estimates are the result of an extensive analysis of
annual earnings reported by men and women in the 1967 census of Canada. The
analysis yielded average lifetime earnings for men and women who work and took
account of such things as: number of years worked, occupation, geographic
region, etc. The report states:
"These estimates are imperfect indicators of the social value
of additional education. The problems are particularly serious with females
since many fall into the "did not work" or "worked part-time" groups... The
estimates take no account of the social value of housewives services which, if
known, would tend to offset the lower average earnings of females due to the
temporary attachment of so many to the labour force. In addition, the salary
structures of both males and females may be determined by influence, ignorance,
or tradition as well as by the social value of the individual's work." (p.
27-28).
The report goes on to calculate that the annual rate of return
on the costs of education was just over 8% for high school education and just
under 8% for university education. This rate was calculated for males only. The
author's conclusion was that this rate of return justifies the public
expenditure of educational costs for the education of males beyond the
elementary school level.
No such conclusion is made for females. |