The relationships among amount of education, literacy skills of young adults of different ethnic groups, and average literacy skills of occupational groups (far right- hand side ) are shown in this figure For all ethnic groups, literacy development is clearly related to amount of education However, for similar amounts of education, the ethnic groups differ greatly in amount of literacy skill achieved. Both Hispanic and Black high school graduates score well below the average skill level of clerical workers, while White high school graduates score above that level. Indeed, with average scores slightly below 260 on each literacy scale, African-American high school graduates score well below the average skill level of around 270 for laborers.