Participants
Participants were 40 grade 4 students at an elementary school in District 18. The mean age of participants was 9.38 years of age, and participant ages ranged between 8.75 and 10.75 years of age at the time of the first measurement.

Initial Gender Differences
The sample consisted of 21 females and 19 males. Gender comparison is of interest to this study because of the gap between reading levels (shown in Figure 5) and attitude towards reading (shown in Figure 6) that exists between boys and girls.