Table 4: Discourses and Themes in Literacy Advice to Mothers, 1945–1968
Domestic literacy management Intensive mothering Domestic pedagogy The normal family
Preserving a reading culture Home reading of “good books” becomes associated with the psychological construct of “mother-child” attachment. Mothers should make reading appealing by providing interesting books, time for children to read, and a quiet environment. The ideal domestic setting for reading has walls lined with book shelves laden with classic literature. The “progress of human civilization” is dependent upon families that read to their children and attend libraries with them.
Parental involvement in schools Contradictory advice: Children’s emotional health is equated with “reading readiness” and thus the quality of mothering in the home. Yet, children who come to school as readers are bored. Domestic pedagogy bridges home and school as sites for literacy support/surveillance. Should parents assert their power over teachers or support democratic ideals by remaining in a more helpful “para-professional” role? Mothers’ work in support of schools contingent on gender division of labour and women’s presence in the home. Women who work “a threat to children’s learning.”
Teaching children to read Mothers should find every opportunity to foster their child’s oral language skills. They must also ensure their children are always happy because happy children come to school ready to read. But they must not be “competitive” and pressure children to read. Debate over “look-say” and “phonics” reading methods introduced by Flesch (1955) into popular culture. Ideal mothering roles are to teach children by creating “natural” opportunities to learn in everyday life at home, or alternatively to directly teach young children to read using phonics methods. Children’s “emotional stability” and “good citizenship” depend upon the reading practices modeled in the properly functioning nuclear family.
Regulating reading practices Mothers should constantly monitor what children are reading. Mothers should regulate children’s reading and discourage the “comic book habit.” Focus of family life is on maintaining a love of “good” reading in the face of competition from “visual” sources such as movies, comics and television which can deteriorate family life and children’s mental health. “Good reading is preventative medicine for the mind.”