• Teach memory enhancement strategies that will aid recall such as listing, rewriting, categorizing, alphabetizing, visualizing, and using associations and acronyms.
• Integrate scaffolds by asking critical questions about what the learners know. Provide new information based on learners' responses, ask additional questions to clarify, and then continue to interactively shape students' learning.
• Model what is to be learned by offering a clear demonstration of the skill or strategy.
• Promote generalization by showing how the skills or information taught can be transferred to other situations.

Provide explicit explanations and leadership during instruction

• A systematic approach to instruction appears to be more powerful than trial-and-error teaching.
• Direct and explicit teaching is more effective than more "discovery" types of approaches.
• Keep learners informed about the instructional procedures being used to instruct them.
• Explain what is to be learned and why it is important - highlight the relevancy.
• At all stages of instruction and decision-making, learners should be offered instructional choices related to what, how fast, when, and where they are learning.
• Show learners how to think, use and manipulate information.
• Teach learners how to learn and how to link previous information with new information.