Additional enhancement routines

• Framing Routine: helps practitioners turn abstract ideas into concrete ideas. It helps the learners to focus on the most essential information and see the relationships between main ideas and details.
• Survey Routine: helps practitioners to work with a diverse range of reading levels to successfully comprehend reading passages, text, articles, etc.¹⁴

Enhance critical concepts

This enhancement routine is quite helpful, especially when working with adults who have learning disabilities that interfere with their ability to understand broad concepts or theories. They often do not know how to link new concepts with previous knowledge. A learner's understanding of a concept and of its application increases when a concept is associated with prior knowledge. Learners should be taught to ask appropriate questions of relevance, search for personal connections, and to explore ways to make content relevant.

Concept Anchoring Routine

The main purpose of this routine is to help learners connect new information with information that is already familiar to them. This enhancement is especially helpful when working with abstract or complex concepts. There are three components:

• The use of an anchoring table
• The linking steps
• The cue-do-review sequence.