The assessment process

Definition

In Module 1, signs and characteristics that adults may exhibit or discuss that can indicate a potential learning disability were identified. How the various processing breakdowns in auditory, visual and/or organizational functions can impact on adults' literacy skills was also discussed. The use of screening tools was described in the first module and how the tools can identify potential learning disabilities that may be impacting adults' abilities to learn. This module will address the screening tool findings and how to understand the impact the potential learning disabilities may have on adults' literacy skills.

The term assessment will refer to a process, not a specific type and/or method. It is a process to determine individual strengths and struggles to help practitioners to develop teaching strategies and accommodations and help learners to understand what is required to reach their goals. The process is constant and flowing and may include a mix of formal and informal assessment techniques. It may involve a number of persons and/or tools. For example, practitioners who are specialized in learning disabilities may be asked to help with the process and/or referrals to psychologists may be made for diagnostic assessments. The assessment tools involved throughout the process may include checklists, work samples (informal assessments) and/or standardized tests (formal assessment).

Difference between the screening and the assessment process:
"Screening tests do not provide a prescription of how to intervene for a problem but may yield details about areas such as reading, writing, attention, social or math skills which warrant a closer look."1

The screening process is an indicator that a potential learning disability is evident - the assessment looks at the person's strengths and struggles in more depth, in order to develop a plan of action. Strengths can be reinforced and used to overcome weaknesses. Questionnaires, rating scales and interviews are examples of screening tools. They provide an indication of learners' performance and explain the impact of their personal circumstances and past learning experiences. The results of the screening provide an estimate of learners' performance and/or an indication of challenge areas.