Behaviour/psychological manifestations
  • Look for difficulties with attention span, organizational skills, inappropriate social interactions, and variable or unpredictable performance.7 Practitioners should observe indicators over a period of time and under various circumstances before any conclusions can be made about potential challenges.

Types of assessment tools

The assessment process can involve two types of assessment techniques:
  1. Informal Assessments - Use flexible tools that provide a wide coverage of learner performance and behaviours. Informal assessments are subjective and must be used with caution.
    • Observation: a direct measure of learner behaviour. It helps to determine the present level of the learner's performance.
    • Informal tests: a direct measure of learner performance in a specific area. It provides direction for planning and/or modifying instruction. Examples could include: a reading comprehension passage with questions, spelling dictation, word recognition or a quiz on fractions.
    • Dynamic assessment: a person is asked to answer questions or solve problems, but instead of the assessment ending once the criterion has been met (i.e. the number of errors) the person is given various types of cues to help improve performance. The types of cues used are recorded. It uses a "test - teach - retest" approach. The way the learner problem solves and the types of cues used are helpful for planning instruction and strategies that would best meet the learner's needs.
    • Work samples: an evaluation of learner performance to locate patterns of errors and correct responses. Work samples provide an overall picture of the learner's work. Through the identification of errors, skills that require further instruction are identified.8 Examples could include: writing samples such as journals, math activity sheets and work-related projects or assignments.