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In Butt and
Castle's view,5 these factors have operated as
a hindrance to "innovative legal drafting". However, it is important to
emphasise that these are all legitimate and very real factors of influence.
They cannot be written off or simply ignored. In response to a letter from
Martin Cutts a plain language expert, Peter Graham the then UK First
Parliamentary Counsel, articulated the reality:
"We do not
needlessly make things complicated: we have as great a love of the English
language as the next man: we do draft against a background of judicial
decisions, rules of interpretation, the basic premise that statute law is an
intrusion into the common law and, perhaps most important, the salutary rule
that all enactments are construed against the Crown (using that expression in
its widest sense) and in favour of the subject.".6
The reasons why
legislation needs to be to be expressed in a precise and accurate manner are
well established. This point was succinctly expressed by another UK First
Parliamentary Counsel7 in a memorandum
submitted to the Select Committee on the Modernisation of the House of
Commons:8
"A Bill's sole
reason for existence is to change the law. The resulting Act is the law.
A consequence of this unique function is that a Bill cannot set about
communicating with the reader in the same way in which other forms of writing
do. It cannot use the same range of tools. In particular, it cannot repeat the
important points simply to emphasise their importance or safely explain itself
by restating a proposition in different words. To do so would risk creating
doubts and ambiguities that would fuel litigation. As a result, legislation
speaks in a monotone and its language is compressed. It is less easy for
readers to get their bearings and to assimilate quickly what they are being
told than it would be if conventional methods of helping the reader were freely
available to the drafter.".
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5.
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ibid.,
at p.13 |
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6.
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An extract of
this letter is set out in Cutts, Lucid Law (2nd ed., London, 2000) at p.
44. |
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7.
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Sir
Christopher Jenkins. |
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8.
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First Report
'The legislative Process' House of Commons Session 1997-98 (Cmnd.
190). |
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