Though not incorporated into the DSM-IV in the form Herman (1997) proposed (Appendix C)^{Endnote 10}, subjective assessment of a traumatic event was included in the 1994 DSM-IV (and 2000 DSM-IV-TR) criteria for the PTSD diagnosis (Appendixes D & E). The concern about introducing the patient’s subjective experience into the diagnostic criteria, though, responded not only to a concern for enabling the maladaptive behaviors of malingering, masochistic, or hypochondriac patients. Physicians and psychologists treating PTSD and researchers studying PTSD needed to understand how subjective assessment can be measured and added in some predictable way to the diagnostic equation. By employing ever more sensitive technological tools and precisely focused research questions, scholars have generated a significant body of empirical evidence suggesting some people develop PTSD symptoms after what have been judged measurably lower intensity single events such as minor motor vehicle accidents for which extended hospital care was not required (Delahanty et al., 2003), homelessness not related to an environmental disaster (Goodman et al., 1991), or resolved early stage breast cancer (Amir & Ramati, 2002). Adding complexity to understanding the nature of trauma, lifespan studies suggest increased risk for developing PTSD may relate to more transient biological conditions such as the person’s developmental stage of adolescence (Maercker, Schützwohl, & Solomon, 1999)—of particular importance to teachers of college traditional-age students.