Conclusions

Linguist William Foley (1997) argues that the first premise of enactionism is the indivisibility of the effects of biological constraints and social experience on cognition and behavior. Individuals are born with biological systems that constrain social interactions, and social interactions concomitantly modify biological systems. In a similar manner, culture in enactionist terms is the dynamic interplay between the environment and patterns of individuals’ explicit and implicit communications over time. The inherently conservative nature of cultural knowledge and actions, habitus, explains the multiple and ongoing sources of psychological and material support required for an individual to make significant change such as leaving an abusive relationship. This wholly reciprocating relationship between the individual and culture also suggests that greater understanding of interactions between the neural activity and social behavior can indicate how the activities or modifications of either can mitigate the traumatic aftereffects of domestic abuse and violence, which in some can be PTSD.