• Promotion - refers, first, to the encouragement that committed, qualified and competent teachers receive to apply for promotion; second, to the number of applications teachers make for promotion; and third, to the number of times that qualified trackers who have applied for promotion are selected for positions of added responsibility.
• Attitudes - refers to how women teachers feel about their ability to advance in their careers, and how promotable they are perceived to be by male peers and, especially, by those who make decisions about their career aspirations.

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The 1976 survey demonstrated that the gender of a teacher had a profound effect on each phase of the career development process, with fewer women attaining positions of added responsibility. Since the first survey, considerable effort has gone into addressing the concerns raised in that report. Some of the notable changes since the report was published include:

• Status of Women programs sponsored by OSSTF and other organizations;
• increased concern in the Ontario Ministry of Education for women's professional status.

These efforts are, in part, responsible for the positive and significant changes in how women teachers now view their careers. The following list summarizes the changes which increase the likelihood of career advancement for women.

• The aspirations of women, teachers are higher.
• Women are more prepared to "pay the price" for advancement. They are increasing their formal qualifications and their level of activities within schools, Boards and the Federation. Overall, their careers are of more importance to them than in 1976.
• Women have more confidence in their effectiveness in fulfilling key administrative functions.
• Women receive more encouragement from superiors to apply for promotions.
• Women apply for promotions more often and are more often successful than they were in 1976.

When the difference in group between OSSTF women and men is taken into account, there is little or no difference between them in level of qualification or experience. Because male teachers, as a group, are older than female teachers (43% of women but 62% of men are over 40 years old) they have, on the average, more experience.

While women's progress from 1976 to the present has been substantial across the province, further OSSTF support is needed to address some key areas of concern where men continue to have an advantage in 1985:

• Women are slightly less qualified than men to apply for Vice-Principal positions.
• Women evaluate themselves as some what less innovative than men.