Return to note 31 Ambachtsheer, Keith, Canada's 20% Foreign Property Rule: Why and How It Should be Eliminated, a paper commissioned by PIAC and the Investment Funds Institute of Canada, 1995.
Return to note 32 Op. cit., 1997
Return to note 33 Ibid, 1998
Return to note 34 For example, see: Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce, The Governance Practices of Institutional Investors, 1998.
Return to note 35 Macdonald & Associates currently uses $7 million as the definitional cut-off point between venture and non-venture private equity. Definitions used by market practitioners vary, but generally fall within the range of $7-10 million or slightly above this threshold.
Return to note 36 Macdonald, Mary, Creating Threshold Technology Companies in Canada: The Role of Venture Capital, 1991.
Return to note 37 Op. cit., 1998
Return to note 38 Macdonald, Mary, Private Equity as an Alternative Asset: Opportunities and Challenges for Canadian Pension Managers, presentation to a PIAC conference, Victoria, British Columbia, April, 1998.
Return to note 39 National Venture Capital Association, Fifth Annual Economic Impact of Venture Capital Study, prepared by Coopers & Lybrand, 1995.
Return to note 40 Business Development Bank of Canada (BDBC), The Economic Impact of Venture Capital, prepared by Macdonald & Associates, 1997.
Return to note 41 Macdonald & Associates, 1998.
Return to note 42 Ibid, 1998
Return to note 43 CLMPC interviews, 1997-98.
Return to note 44 CLMPC, based on data provided by the Caisse de dépôt, 1999. All previous data relevant to the operations of the Caisse Private Investments Group: Caisse de dépôt, supra endnote 11, 1998.
Return to note 45 Celtic House International, Brochures and News Releases, 1998.
Return to note 46 Ontario Teachers Pension Plan Board (PPB), 1998.
Return to note 47 Ventures West Management, Ventures West: Partners in Growth, 1997, Brochures, News Releases, 1997-98.
Return to note 48 Miralta Capital, 1998
Return to note 49 Association of Canadian Venture Capital Companies, Venture Capital in Canada: A Guide and Sources, prepared by Macdonald & Associates, 1992.
Return to note 50 Macdonald & Associates, 1998.
Return to note 51 Ibid, 1998
Return to note 52 National Venture Capital Association (US), 1997 Annual Report, prepared by Venture Economics Information Services, 1998.
Return to note 53 McNeill, Marianna and Richard Fullenbaum, Pension Funds and Small Firm Financing, a report prepared for the US Small Business Administration, Washington, DC, 1995.
Return to note 54 CLMPC interviews, 1997-98.
Return to note 55 Riding, Allan and Barbara Orser, Beyond the Banks: Creative Financing for Canadian Entrepreneurs, Wiley & Sons, 1997.
Return to note 56 The CLMPC compiled a list of typical events driving Canadian merchant banking based on 1998 interviews with middle market practitioners and pension managers with investment responsibilities in this field. Some of the market details contained in this section also derive from these interviews.
Return to note 57 Sharwood, Gordon, At the Threshold: Canada's Medium-sized Businesses Prepare for the Global Marketplace of the 1990s, Sharwood and Company, 1989.
Return to note 58 Baker, Ed (Economic Policy Institute), The US Wage Gap and the Decline of Manufacturing, paper for the Industrial Heartland Labor Investment Forum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1996.
Return to note 59 For recent discussion of this topic in the American business media, see: Schifrin, Matthew, "LBO madness", Forbes, March, 1998.
Return to note 60 CLMPC interviews, 1997-98.