Return to note 1 Porter, Michael, "Capital disadvantage: America's failing capital investment system", Harvard Business Review, September-October, 1992.
Return to note 2 CLMPC/Canadian Chamber of Commerce, Canadian Business Speaks Out on Access to Capital, 1995.
Return to note 3 Drucker, Peter, "Reckoning with the pension fund revolution", Harvard Business Review, March-April, 1991.
Return to note 4 Osberg, Lars, Fred Wein and Jan Grude, Vanishing Jobs: Canada's Changing Workplaces, James Lorimer & Co., 1995.
Return to note 5 CLMPC, The Role and Performance of Labour-sponsored Investment Funds in the Canadian Economy: An Institutional Profile, 1995.
Return to note 6 For further reference, see: Canadian Labour Congress (CLC), Jobs Now!, Making the New Economy Work for People, report of the conference, Ottawa, February, 1998.
Return to note 7 Statistics Canada, Trusted Pension Funds: Financial Statistics, 1996, 1998.
Return to note 8 Ibid, 1998
Return to note 9 Ibid, 1998
Return to note 10 Benefits Canada, "The top 100 pension funds", April, 1998.
Return to note 11 Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, 1997 Operations Report, 1998.
Return to note 12 Office of the Chief Investment Officer (OCIO), Ministry of Finance and Corporate Relations, Government of British Columbia, Annual Report, 1997-98.
Return to note 13 Investment Management Division, Alberta Treasury, Government of Alberta, 1998.
Return to note 14 New Brunswick Investment Management Corporation, 1998.
Return to note 15 Ambachtsheer, Keith and Don Ezra, Pension Fund Excellence: Creating Value for Stakeholders, Frank Russell Company, 1998.
Return to note 16 The different types of pension fiduciaries and their respective functions in the investment process are very well- described in: (1) Ibid, 1998 and (2) Ilkiw, John, The Portable Pension Fiduciary, Frank Russell Company, 1997.
Return to note 17 For a full discussion of this topic from a labour perspective, see: (1) Baldwin, Bob, Unions and Pension Fund Investments, CLC, 1998 and (2) Beggs, Darcie, Control of Pension Funds, presentation to the conference "Financial Capital for Economic Renewal: A Labour Perspective", York University, December, 1993.
Return to note 18 Benefits Canada, supra endnote 10, 1997.
Return to note 19 This view was expressed by Quebec union representatives to a CLMPC roundtable on pension investment issues held on June 23, 1997, Public Service Alliance of Canada, Ottawa.
Return to note 20 Carmichael, Isla, Survey of Union Pension Trustees, OPSEU, 1998.
Return to note 21 Chrysler Canada-CAW, "Pension fund investment in non-profit and co-op housing", Letter of Agreement, 1993.
Return to note 22 The empirical basis of the 80:20 ratio is discussed in several sources, including: Ilkiw, John, The Portable Pension Fiduciary, Frank Russell Company, 1997.
Return to note 23 Ibid, 1997
Return to note 24 Hall, Gordon, Mercer Handbook of Canadian Pension & Benefit Plans, CCH, 1996.
Return to note 25 This outlook has been expressed repeatedly in research literature dealing with pension investing and in CLMPC interviews, 1997-98.
Return to note 26 For further reference to the theory and practice of pension investment policy and strategy, see once again: (1) Ambachtsheer, Keith and Don Ezra, supra endnote 15 and (2) Ilkiw, John, supra endnote 16.
Return to note 27 Statistics Canada, supra endnote 7, 1998.
Return to note 28 Benefits Canada, supra endnote 10, 1998.
Return to note 29 Coomber, Derek, "Opposites attract", Benefits Canada, June, 1995.
Return to note 30 Op. cit., 1998