• Involve learners right from the beginning during the initial assessment
• Ask for learner input on self-assessment, goal-setting, training content, tutoring and/or small group management guidelines, instructional materials and strategies, and ongoing evaluation including input on program evaluation
• Respond positively to learners' questions, and praise them verbally for work well done - help them recognize their sense of discovery

Providing multiple learning options

Provide a multi-sensory environment by conveying information in a number of different formats or venues. For example, to present information on a reading activity in an organized fashion, arrange information in meaningful ways by verbally summarizing, chunking the information, or providing information in a visual outline or a web visual design.

• Tune in to what interests learners through active discussion and attentive listening.
• Ensure that the learning materials relate to learners' lives and highlight ways learning can be applied in real-life situations. When learners are curious about the subject, they are more likely to become engaged in the tasks.
• Incorporate real-life demonstrations, case studies, and simulation exercises.
• Show how new skills learned can be applied in a number of situations at home, at work, etc.
• Design projects that allow learners to share new knowledge with others.

Facilitate adult independence

• Facilitate and guide the learning process rather than lead the process.
• Encourage adults to learn on their own.
• Break large tasks into a series of smaller goals to provide a more immediate sense of accomplishment.
• Help learners concentrate on the tasks rather than becoming distracted by fear of failure.