TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. MOVING TOWARDS AND UNDERSTANDING OF VIOLENCE
    1. Background of the Research
    2. Audience
    3. Defining Violence
  2. THE IMPACT OF VIOLENCE ON LEARNING
    1. Scientific Theory: How Violence Affects the Brain
    2. Non-Western and First Nations’ Beliefs: Understanding the “Whole Person”
    3. How Violence Affects the “Whole Person”
  3. WORKING ON THE INNER SACRED SPACE
    1. Creating Inner Sacred Space: The Spiral Cycle of Finding the Self
    2. Positive Transformation
    3. Participatory Education: Working Along the Spiral Cycle of the Self
    4. Overview of Curriculum Structure
    5. A Sample of Classroom Techniques
  4. CREATING SACRED LEARNING SPACES
    1. Women and the “Right to Take up Space”
    2. Sacred Learning Environments
    3. The Transformation of the Sacred Learning Space
    4. The Impact of the Transformation
    5. Challenges During the Transformation: The Power of Sacred Space
  5. FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CREATING INNER AND OUTER SACRED SPACE
    1. Searching For Other Ways of Creating Sacred Space
    2. Exploring Human Beings and Their Need for Space
    3. Encouraging Other Programs to Create Sacred Spaces for Learners
    4. Recognizing My Own Sense of Self
  6. APPENDICES
    1. Appendix I: The First Nations’ Medicine Wheel
    2. Appendix II: Curriculum Pyramid
    3. Appendix III: Sample Lesson Plans
  7. BIBLIOGRAPHY